biological process
process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units
Committed step
a kind of enzymatic reaction
convergent extension
The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis.
elastic recoil
the rebound of the lungs after having been stretched by inhalation
sister chromatid cohesion
biological process
exon shuffling
molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes
hysterical strength
display of extreme strength by humans and some animals, usually occurring when in life-and-death situations
spindle checkpoint signaling
cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the mitotic or meiotic spindle
reduction
biological process
smoothened signaling pathway
series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened
fatty acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
complement activation, lectin pathway
Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the lectin pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.
protein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
intracellular transport
directed movement of substances within a cell
fertilization
union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote
alcohol metabolic process
chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols
Warburg effect
Biological phenomenon in plants
primary metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
DNA replication proofreading
correction of replication errors by DNA polymerase using a 3'-5' exonuclease activity.
protein transport by the Tat complex
The process in which folded proteins are transported across cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) by the TAT complex.
phenotypic switching
reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations. Phenotypic switching involves changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns. For example, Candid
actin nucleation
The initial step in the formation of an actin filament, in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. Nucleation is slow relative to the subsequent addition of more monomers to extend the filament.
adult neurogenesis
generating of neurons from neural stem cells in adults
homogenization
in cell biology or molecular biology, is a process whereby different fractions of a biological sample become equal in composition
sperm motility
process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell
copulation
sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm
physiological process
process of the vital activity of the organism, ensuring its integrity and adaptive reactions
resorption
absorption into the circulatory system of cells or tissue
cold-stunning
hypothermic reaction in marine reptiles
avian quantum compass
mechanism by which migratory birds judge direction by the strength of the magnetic field
breathing
process that moves air in and out of the lungs
Coolidge effect
biology and psychology phenomenon
gestation
period during the carrying of an embryo
metamorphosis
profound change in body structure during the postembryonic development of an organism
menstrual cycle
a type of ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur
hibernation
physiological state of dormant inactivity in order to pass the winter season
dormancy
state of minimized physical activity of an organism
transpiration
process of water moving through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts
mineralization
process where an inorganic substance precipitates in an organic matrix
cell migration
controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues
swallowing
process used to transport food and saliva from the mouth to the stomach
notochord
flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates
chemosynthesis
biological process
regulation of gene expression
process that modulates frequency, rate or extent of gene expression
innate immune response
one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates
schizogony
Cell division by multiple fission in which nuclei and other organelles in the parent cell divide repeatedly and move to the cell periphery before internal membranes develop around them, producing a large number of daughter cells simultaneously.
antigen presentation
immune process essential for T cell immune response triggering