biological process
process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units
Eukaryotic DNA replication
DNA Replication in eukaryotic
muscle contraction
process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity
hearing
sensory perception of sound by living organisms
cell adhesion
attachment of a cell, to another cell or to an underlying substrate, by cell adhesion molecules
regeneration
biological process of renewal, restoration, and growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations
action potential
process by which neurons communicate with each other by changes in their membrane potentials.
dying
final process of life
platelet formation
platelets budding from long processes extended by megakaryocytes
abscission
the shedding of various parts of an organism
biological invasion
process in which organisms become established in a region where they previously did not exist and then rapidly expand their range
respiration
movement of oxygen from the outside air to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction
hemostasis
the stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part
oogenesis
complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanomas
nitrification
biological oxidation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate
glycogen catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues
motor learning
Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience.
social behavior
behavior among two or more organisms, typically from the same species
placenta development
formation and structure of the placenta
autumn leaf color
deciduous trees' and shrubs' autumnal change of leaf color from green to other colors
vagal tone
ternal biological process referring to the activity of the vagus nerve, which originates in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem
fibrinolysis
hemostasis
transport
directed movement of substances or cellular components into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of an agent
fructification
biological phenomenon
fructification
biological phenomenon
eye blink reflex
The reflex process in which a mechanical stimulus applied to the eye elicits a response of the eyelid closing.
axon guidance
chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site
naturalization
process by which a non-native organism or species spreads into the wild and its reproduction is sufficient to maintain its population
foraging
searching for wild food resources (by non-human animals)
biological pump
ocean's biologically driven sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere to the ocean interior and seafloor
viral life cycle
set of processes which all viruses follow to ensure survival
systemic acquired resistance
The salicylic acid mediated response to a pathogen which confers broad spectrum resistance.
biological destruction
destruction of cells and tissues during the life of the organism or after its death
centrosome cycle
The cell cycle process in which centrosome duplication and separation takes place. The centrosome cycle can operate with a considerable degree of independence from other processes of the cell cycle.
heart contraction
The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
biological mechanism
system of causally interacting parts and processes that produce one or more effects
ribosome biogenesis
a cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis
righting reflex
reflex process in which an animal immediately tries to turn over after being placed in a supine position
Vectorial synthesis
type of synthesis of exported proteins
cellular senescence
phenomenon characterized by the cessation of cell division
general adaptation syndrome
General adaptation syndrome is the set of changes in various organ systems of the body, especially the pituitary-endocrine system, in response to a wide range of strong external stimuli, both physiological and psychological. It is described as having
liver development
process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure
dosage compensation
compensating for the variation in the unpaired sex chromosome:autosome chromosome ratios between sexes by activation or inactivation of genes
skeletal system development
process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure
protein kinase B signaling
series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound
T cell migration
The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
nuclear division
The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei.
bleb assembly
The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Plasma membrane blebbing occur
cellular metabolic compound salvage
Any process which produces a useful metabolic compound from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis, as carried out by individual cells.
flower development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The flower is the reproductive structure in a plant, and its development begins with the transition of the vegetative or inflor