biological process
process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units
interphase
part of the cell cycle after quiescent phase and before cell division
operant conditioning
learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior
DNA methylation
the covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine
X-inactivation
inactivation of copies of X chromosome
devolution
process of evolving from a complex organism to a simpler organism
human embryonic development
process of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development
grooming behavior
specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites
secondary growth
Lateral growth of a plant axis (shoot axis or root) that is an increase in thickness resulting from formation of secondary vascular tissues by the vascular cambium.
insemination
the introduction of semen or sperm into the genital tract of a female
clinical death
cessation of blood circulation and breathing
reciprocal inhibition
operation of opposing sets of muscles
thigmotropism
directional growth movement which occurs as a mechanosensory reaction to touching it.
kidney development
process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure
isotype switching
switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin
vertical gene transfer
transfer or passing on of a gene or genetic material from an individual to an offspring
chemotropism
movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external chemical gradient, usually toward or away from it
evolutionary arms race
competition of sets of genes, traits, or species, that develop adaptations and counter-adaptations against each other
lipid metabolism
chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids
bletting
process of softening that certain fleshy fruits undergo, beyond ripening
motor control
regulation of movement in organisms that possess a nervous system
list of feeding behaviours
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purine nucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleotides
complement activation, alternative pathway
any immune system process involved in the activation of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade
antigenic variation
processes involved in the biological strategy of changing antigenic determinants on the surface that are exposed to another organism's immune system
cell fate determination
process involved in cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment
intrinsic termination
termination of DNA-termplated transcription without involvement of a protein cofactor
mammary gland development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
Maternal to zygotic transition
process in which the biological development of an organism is taken over by the expression of zygotic (or embryonic) transcripts in contrast with inherited maternal transcripts
animal echolocation
method used by some animals to determine the location of something by measuring the time it takes for an echo to return from it
reverse cholesterol transport
The directed movement of peripheral cell cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, towards the liver for catabolism.
relaxation of muscle
process in which the extent of muscle contraction is reduced
negative T cell selection
The process of elimination of immature T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.
tear secretion
release of the aqueous layer of the tear film from the lacrimal glands
telophase
cell cycle phase during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts
estrus
the estrous cycle phase in which a female is sexually receptive
incubation
developmental process of animals (birds, fish, reptiles, monotremes etc.) from eggs
blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway
Activation of coagulation cascade
cell-cell recognition
Cell recognition between cells. May involve the formation of specialized cell junctions.
protein methylation
The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.
protein oxidation
The modification of a protein amino acid by oxidation.
chromosome breakage
regulated cleavage of the developing macronuclear genome at a limited number of chromosome breakage sites (CBS)
translational elongation
successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis
B cell affinity maturation
cellular process in B cells
mitochondrial unfolded protein response
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the mitochondrial matrix; results in transcriptional upregulation of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial stress proteins.
plastid inheritance
The partitioning of plastids between daughter cells at cell division.
decay
anaerobic decomposition of organic matter
Motor planning
the process by which a person anticipates and implements the movement of the body