biological process
process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units
locomotion
self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another
innervation
process in which a nerve invades a tissue and makes functional synaptic connection within the tissue
Erythrocyte rosetting
Immunological phenomenon involving the arrangement of erythrocytes around a central cell resembling a flower under microscopy.
Anaerobic oxidation of methane
microbial process
type II hypersensitivity
inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction
type IV hypersensitivity
inflammatory response driven by T cell recognition of processed soluble or cell-associated antigens, leading to cytokine release and leukocyte activation
visual learning
any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue
autogamy
fusion of gametes from the same individual
chromatic adaptation
phenomenon observed in cyanobacteria
response to starvation
any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism
intestinal absorption
process in which nutrients are taken up from the contents of the intestine
exploration behavior
specific behavior of an organism in response to a novel environment or stimulus
contact transmission
type of direct pathogen transmission
adverse outcome pathway
model connecting initiating events at the cellular and molecular level to population-wide impacts
liver regeneration
regrowth of lost or destroyed liver
fatty acid alpha-oxidation
metabolic pathway by which 3-methyl branched fatty acids are degraded. These compounds are not degraded by the normal peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway, because the 3-methyl blocks the dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehyd
protein retention in ER lumen
The retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of soluble resident proteins. Sorting receptors retrieve proteins with ER localization signals, such as KDEL and HDEL sequences or some transmembrane domains, that have escaped to the cis-Golgi ne
stringent response
specific global change in the metabolism of a bacterial cell (the downregulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and the simultaneous upregulation of protein degradation and amino acid synthesis) as a result of starvation
detection of chemical stimulus
The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
secondary metabolic process
chemical reactions and pathways resulting in chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells
homologous recombination
DNA recombination process
conjugation
union or introduction of genetic information from compatible mating types that results in a genetically different individual
flowering stage
flower development stage that begins when pollen is released by anther dehiscence and/or the stigma is receptive and ends with the process of pollination and/or floral organ senescence
Endothelial cell tropism
Group of cells allowing a pathogen to infect nearby endothelium
digestion
biological process of breaking down food
reproduction
production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms
reproduction
production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms
photosynthesis
biological process to convert light into chemical energy
proteolysis
the hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds
fermentation
metabolic process producing energy in the absence of oxygen
epithelial to mesenchymal transition
transition where an epithelial cell becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell
secretion
controlled release of substances by cells or tissues
SOS response
error-prone process for repairing damaged microbial DNA
reflex
automatic, subconscious response to a stimulus
cell turnover
German term: the biological process of cell renewal
cell growth
process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present
gluconeogenesis
formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol
euphoria
mental and emotional condition in which a person experiences intense feelings of well-being, elation, happiness and excitement
ageing
biological processes in a human body coupled to increasing age
decomposition
breaking down of living matter
accommodation
focusing ability of eye
constriction
method used by various snake species to kill their prey
pathogen transmission
passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to other individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected
fibrosis
formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue in a reparative or reactive process
protein targeting
the process of targeting specific proteins to particular regions of the cell, typically membrane-bounded subcellular organelles, usually requiring an organelle-specific protein sequence motif