biological process
process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units
mitochondrial fission
The division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.
ovarian follicle atresia
periodic process in which immature ovarian follicles degenerate and are subsequently re-absorbed
Reverse Warburg effect
biological process in some cancers
fragmentation
breakup of a cell by natural or artificial processes
airborne transmission
type of direct pathogen transmission
rumination
digestive process in which food is swallowed into a multi-compartmented stomach, regurgitated, chewed again, and swallowed again
transposition
any process involved in mediating the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites
feeding behavior
behavior associated with the intake of food
erythrocyte aggregation
adhesion of erythrocytes to others by adhesion molecules.
cell regeneration
ability of humans to recreate, or induce the regeneration of, lost tissue
replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchange
repair of a replication-born double-strand DNA break in which the DNA molecule is repaired using the homologous sequence of the sister chromatid as template
Unfolded Protein Response
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus.
transforming growth factor beta activation
The release of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) from its latent state. TGF-beta is secreted as part of a large latent complex (LLC) that is targeted to the extracellular matrix. Release of TGFbeta from its latent state is required for TGFbe
cap snatching
transcription initiation process during which a nucleotide sequence between 10 and 20 nucleotides in size is cleaved from the 5' end of host mRNAs by a viral RNA-dependent polymerase. The capped leader sequence obtained is subsequently used to prim
female orgasm
sudden discharge of accumulated sexual tension in women
sulfur respiration
type of respiration used by some anaerobic bacteria; oxidative phosphorylation with elemental sulfur as the terminal electron acceptor instead of O2
spermatogenesis
process of formation of spermatozoa germ cells
stress
organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition or a stimulus
penile erection
physiological phenomenon
anaerobic respiration
The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which uses compounds other than oxygen (e.g. nitrate, sulfate) as the terminal electron acceptor.
ovulation
release of a mature ovum from an ovary
cell cycle
progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events
cell population proliferation
rapid growth or proliferation of organic tissue
female ejaculation
expulsion of fluid during or before an orgasm
mating
pairwise union of individuals for sexual reproduction - ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes
tropism
movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external source of stimulus, usually toward or away from it.
moulting
process by which an animal routinely casts off a part of its body
acclimatization
biological adjustment to new climates
ectogenesis
artificial growth of an organism
voice change
deepening of the voice of people as they reach puberty
angiogenesis
blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from existing vessels
sex-determination system
biological system that determines the development of organism’s sex
urea cycle
cycle of biochemical reactions producing urea
apogamy
botanical term
alternation of generations
reproductive strategy
mastication
mechanical procedure for crushing the food and its first enzymatic splitting
protein folding
the process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure
post-translational protein modification
covalent and generally enzymatic modification of proteins during or after protein biosynthesis
carbon fixation
conversion of carbon from CO2 to organic compounds
Notch signaling pathway
series of molecular signals
calcification
accumulation of calcium salts in a body tissue
karyogamy
biological process of creation of a single cell nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei
immune response
immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat
Synaptic pruning
process of synapse elimination that occurs between early childhood and the onset of puberty
sleep cycle
oscillation between the slow-wave and REM phases of sleep
locomotion
self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another