biological process
process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units
vesicle fusion
Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane.
mental process
concept in psychology that refers to the sequence of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that reflect the mind’s function and interaction with the environment
hair greying
biological process through which hair becomes white
localization
process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location; for substances, may also be achieved via selective degradation
localization
process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location; for substances, may also be achieved via selective degradation
ecdysis
shedding of the exoskeleton in arthropods and other invertebrates
cell metabolism
the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances
associative learning
learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect)
bone mineralization
deposition of hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate with the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in bone tissue
heart development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
blood circulation
flow of blood through a living being. This is the actual flow, not the system through which the blood flows. For the system see Q11068.
water homeostasis
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water within an organism or cell.
DNA modification
covalent alteration of one or more nucleotide sites in DNA, resulting in a change in its properties
morphogenesis of a branching structure
The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes
path integration
method thought to be used by animals for dead reckoning; process by which animals update their estimates of position or heading
menstruation
periodic shedding of the uterine lining in some mammals
mixed acid fermentation
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into ethanol, lactate, formate, succinate, and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
response to amino acid starvation
mechanism triggered in mammalian cells by amino acid starvation
action potential initiation
The initiating cycle of an action potential. In vertebrate neurons this typically occurs at an axon hillock. Not all initiated axon potentials propagate.
catabolite repression
a process in which the presence of one nutrient source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of processes involved in the metabolism of other nutrient sources
merogony
process of asexual multiplication of protozoan parasites
embryonic development
process by which an embryo forms and develops
Lung evolution in bony fish
biological process that lead Osteichthyes to develop lungs
visual perception
ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum
phagocytosis
endocytosis process with the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes
cell division
process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells
germination
process by which an organism grows from a seed
cell differentiation
process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized features
adaptive radiation
evolutionary radiation to fill many ecological niches
crossing over
cellular process
startle response
action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus
methylation
process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule
diuresis
increase in urine production
lactation
regulated release of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young
lactation
regulated release of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young
malignant transformation
process by which cells acquire the properties of cancer
respiratory burst
phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases
detoxification
physiological or medicinal removal of toxic substances from a living organism, including the human body, which is mainly carried out by the liver
V(D)J recombination
process in which immune receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, are recombined within a single locus
habituation
decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus
gastrulation
phase in the early embryonic development of most animals.
segmentation
regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis
gene silencing
process that prevents the expression of a gene
follicular atresia
natural process of human ovarian cell death
neurogenesis
generation of cells within the nervous system
diapedesis
passage of a leukocyte between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels
phototaxis
directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light
bone healing
healing from bone injury