logical paradox
statement that, despite apparently valid reasoning from true premises, leads to an apparently-self-contradictory conclusion
voting paradox (Condorcet)
Marquis de Condorcet's observation regarding times when voters' collective preferences are cyclic, even when voters' individual preferences are not
Bertrand's box paradox
mathematical paradox
Jevons paradox
economical paradox
movement paradox
grammar
When a white horse is not a horse
paradox in Chinese philosophy
heat death paradox
paradox relating to fate of universe
ignore all rules
Wikipedia rule to set aside other rules
Irresistible force paradox
what happens when an unstoppable force meets an immovable object?
Willpower paradox
idea of receiving better results through less direct focus
Hooper's paradox
Optical illusion
Forrester's paradox
paradox of deontic logic created by James William Forrester
Easterlin paradox
empirical paradox that point in time happiness varies with income but over time happiness does not
Simpson's paradox
phenomenon in probability and statistics, in which a trend appears in several different groups of data but disappears or reverses when these groups are combined
Simpson's paradox
phenomenon in probability and statistics, in which a trend appears in several different groups of data but disappears or reverses when these groups are combined
raven paradox
philosophical paradox: why is it that observing a black raven is evidence for “all ravens are black”, but observing a nonblack nonraven is not?
chain store paradox
apparent game theory paradox involving the chain store game, where a "deterrence strategy" appears optimal instead of the backward induction strategy of standard game theory reasoning
missing square puzzle
optical illusion used in mathematics
liberal paradox
in economic theory, the claim that no social system can simultaneously ① be committed to a minimal sense of freedom, ② always result in Pareto efficiency, and ③ be capable of functioning in any society
productivity paradox
paradox
black hole information paradox
scientific question of whether information can disappear in a black hole
interesting number paradox
logical contradiction in which every possible solution to the problem is exempt: if there were some uninteresting natural numbers, there would be a smallest uninteresting number, which would be therefore interesting
lottery paradox
paradox that, while it is reasonable to believe that any particular lottery ticket won’t win, it is unreasonable to believe that no lottery ticket will win
Prevention paradox
situation where the majority of cases of a disease come from a population at low risk
temporal paradox
problem in the evolution of birds
proton radius puzzle
unanswered problem in physics
sad clown paradox
association between comedy and mental disorders such as depression and anxiety
temporal paradox
theoretical paradox resulting from time travel
temporal paradox
theoretical paradox resulting from time travel
twin paradox
thought experiment in special relativity
resource curse
economic theory that wealth of resources slows national growth
The Peter Principle
book and concept by Laurence J. Peter that states that people in a hierarchy tend to rise to "a level of respective incompetence"
Bertrand paradox
problem within the classical interpretation of probability theory: what is the probability that a randomly chosen chord on a circle is longer than a side of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle?
unexpected hanging paradox
paradox about a person's expectations about the timing of a future event which they are told will occur at an unexpected time
paradox of thrift
economic paradox that an increase in autonomous saving decreases aggregate demand and thus gross output, which will in turn lower total saving
Alabama paradox
apportionment paradox
Bertrand paradox
situation in which two players (firms) reach a state of Nash equilibrium where both firms charge a price equal to marginal cost ("MC")
Denny's paradox
Question of animal locomotion on water
Drinker paradox
apparent logical paradox
Lindley's paradox
Statistical paradox
Pinocchio paradox
liar Paradox
Hand's paradox
statistical paradox
liar paradox
statement of a liar who states that they are lying: for instance, declaring that "I am lying" or "everything I say is false"
sorites paradox
paradox that a heap of sand and a heap of sand minus one grain is also a heap, then one grain of sand is a heap