similarity invariance
property of a function whose value is unchanged by change of basis
spectral radius
largest absolute value of an operator's eigenvalues
spectrum of a matrix
the set of the matrix's eigenvalues
determinant
sum of signed terms of n factors from n×n matrix with no two factors sharing row or column
minimal polynomial
minimal polynomial of a matrix
trace
sum of the elements of the main diagonal of a square matrix
characteristic polynomial
polynomial with roots that are the eigenvalues of a given matrix