genital modification
permanent or temporary changes to human sex organs
gender-affirming surgery
surgical procedures to alter sexual characteristics to match identified gender
intersex surgery
surgery performed to modify atypical or ambiguous genitalia in order to comply with norms of the society
circumcision
removal of the foreskin from the human penis
infibulation
ritual removal of the external female genitalia and the suturing of the vulva
clitoral hood reduction
procedure that trims the prepuce in order to further expose the clitoral glans of the clitoris
labia stretching
act of lengthening the labia minora
Pearling
form of body modification with permanently inserted small beads beneath the skin of the genitals
female genital mutilation
ritual cutting or removal of some or all of the external female genitalia
penile subincision
ritual form of genital modification consisting of a urethrotomy, in which the underside of the penis is incised and the urethra slit open lengthwise, from the urethral opening toward the base