mathematical object
abstract object in mathematics
probability
measure of the expectation that an event will occur or a statement is true
link
in knot theory, a set of knots that do not intersect but are intertwined
ordinal indicator
typographical character
acyclic object
with respect to an additive functor between Abelian categories (whose domain admits enough injectives), an object whose cohomologies (images under right derived functors) vanish for all positive degrees
mutual knowledge
a statement that all agents know, without necessarily knowing whether other agents know
collection
informal set of objects in mathematics
key
piece of information in cryptography
free loop
type of mathematical object
value
notion in mathematics
element
concept in category theory
framed knot
extension of a mathematical knot
gunk
in mereology, whole whose parts all have further proper parts
zero object
simplest object of an algebraic structure
mixed graph
graph that is permitted to contain both directed and undirected edges
mutual knowledge
in game theory, a statement that players know, without necessarily knowing whether other players know
Hilbert space
inner product space that is metrically complete; a Banach space whose norm induces an inner product (follows the parallelogram identity)
moduli space
geometric space whose points represent algebro-geometric objects of some fixed kind
distribution
a continuous functional on a space of test functions (Schwartz space), which generalizes the concept of locally integrable functions
complexity class
set of problems in computational complexity theory of related resource-based complexity
node
unit connected by edges with other units in a graph, in graph theory
attribute
property of a record item in a database
Bell triangle
triangle of numbers analogous to Pascal's triangle
infinite graph
graph with infinitely many vertices, edges, or both
tensor
multilinear map on some combination of scalars, vectors, covectors, and tensors
series expansion
concept in mathematics
logarithmic derivative
ratio of a function's derivative to the function; d(ln|f(x)|)/dx
divisor
eneralization of codimension-1 subvarieties of algebraic varieties
Costas array
set of marks on a 2d square grid such that no two pairs of marks are the same distance apart
chain
homogeneous element of a chain complex; a formal linear combination of simplexes (or other generators of the chain complex)
parking function
generalization of permutations
stochastic process
mathematical object usually defined as a collection of random variables
mathematical structure
additional mathematical object that, in some manner, attaches (or relates) to that set to endow it with some additional meaning or significance
player strategy
complete plan on how a game player will behave in every possible game situation
configuration
set of geometric points and lines such that each point is incident to the same number of lines and each line is incident to the same number of points
real element
an element of a group that belongs to the same conjugacy class as its inverse
class
mathematical collection of sets that can be defined based on a property of its members (set theory)
mathematical singularity
in general a point at which a given mathematical object is not defined, or a point of an exceptional set where it fails to be well-behaved in some particular way, such as differentiability
equaliser
set of arguments where two or more functions have the same value
domain of discourse
set of entities which discourse talks about and which nouns and noun phrases refer to, or set of entities over which universal and existential quantifiers range
term
mathematical expression that may form a separable part of an equation, a series, or another expression; used in in mathematical logic, universal algebra, and rewriting systems
cross entropy
in information theory, given two probability distributions, the average number of bits needed to identify an event if the coding scheme is optimized for the ‘wrong’ probability distribution rather than the true distribution
partial function
function whose actual domain of definition may be smaller than its input set
correlation function
matrix element computed by inserting a product of operators between two states in quantum field theory
mathematical expression
formula that represents a mathematical object
proposition
idea that is true or false and may be expressed in a declarative sentence
mathematical model
description of a system using mathematical concepts and language
differential of a function
notion in calculus