abstraction layer
way of hiding details of a computing subsystem, allowing separation of concerns and interoperability
managed code
Code whose execution is managed by a runtime
run-time system
system that provides behavior needed by running code; primarily implements portions of an execution model
virtual file system
abstraction layer on top of one or more concrete file system, allowing applications to access files via a uniform logical representation
Internet layer
group of internetworking methods in the TCP/IP suite
link layer
lowest abstraction layer in the Internet Protocol Suite
application layer
last abstraction layer in TCP/IP model
transport layer
layer in the OSI and TCP/IP models providing host-to-host communication services for applications