error
wrong assumption or opinion
overfitting
production of an analysis that corresponds too closely or exactly to a particular set of data, and may therefore fail to fit additional data or predict future observations reliably
spurious language
language which has been reported to exist in reputable works where subsequent research has demonstrated that it does not exist
mistake
concept in law
errors of impunity
lapses that result in criminals either remaining at large or receiving sanctions that are below a socially optimal level