separation process
method to achieve any phenomenon that converts a mixture of chemical substance into two or more distinct product mixtures, which may be referred to as mixture, at least one of which is enriched in one or more of the initial mixture's constituents
drying
removal of water or another solvent by evaporation
Finings
Finings are clarifying agents with many uses
mechanical screening
practice of separating granulated ore material by particle size
flotation
method for the separation of mixtures in process engineering
desorption
release of an embedded substance from another substance
column chromatography
method used to purify individual chemical compounds from mixtures of compounds
demister
removal of liquid droplets entrained in a vapor stream
punching-nibbling
removing parts of material by making holes (classic punching) or by cutting inner or outer profiles by means of multiple punching
excision
using physical means to remove a portion of a substance from the rest
Plasmid preparation
Biological method of DNA extraction
stripping
separation process where one or more components are removed from a liquid stream by a vapor stream
cation separation
chemical method
centrifugation
application of centrifugal force to separate particles or molecules by size or density in/from a solution
dewatering
removal of water from solid material or soil
electrodialysis
used to transport salt ions from one solution through ion-exchange membranes to another solution under the influence of an applied electric potential difference
reprocessing
purification of a mixture of substances
effervescence
fizzing or foaming caused by the escape of gas from a solution
adsorption
adhesion of atoms, ions, or molecules from a substance to a surface
fractional distillation
process of separation of a mixture into its component parts by evaporation and recondensation at controlled temperature and pressure
ion-exchange resin
organic polymer matrix bearing ion-exchange functional groups
Partitioning
radioactive waste disposal method
filtration
separating components suspended in a fluid based on granularity properties relying on a filter device
salting out
chemical separation process that increases ionic strength to induce phase separation
cupellation
refining process in metallurgy
fractional freezing
process used to separate substances with different melting points
Hydrothermal synthesis
Techniques for crystallizing substances
Ammonium sulfate precipitation
method of purifying proteins
countercurrent distribution
chemical separation process where two fluids flow in opposite directions
affinity capture
method to separate molecules by binding to a set of other molecules on a fixed solid substrate
steam stripping
separation process where one or more components are removed from a liquid stream by a superheated steam stream
distillation
method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility of components in a boiling liquid mixture
dry distillation
heating of solid materials to produce gaseous products (which may condense into liquids or solids)
decantation
process for the separation of mixtures
protein purification
biochemical method
eggshell membrane separation process
process to separate eggshell from shell membrane
syneresis
extraction or expulsion of a liquid from a gel
tissue and organ harvesting
surgical procedure that removes organs or tissues for reuse
dialysis
process of separating molecules in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane, such as dialysis tubing
desalination
removal of salts and minerals from a substance, best known is the removal of salt from seawater to obtain drinking water
Membrane distillation
a thermally driven separation process in which separation is driven by phase change. A hydrophobic membrane presents a barrier for the liquid phase, allowing the vapour phase (e.g. water vapour) to pass through the membrane's pores.
Sieve analysis
soil sieve types
multidimensional chromatography
separation method
housecleaning
removal of dirt and grime; act of making clean
chromatography
set of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures, based on differences in the relative affinities of substances for mobile and stationary phases
electrophoresis
using an electrical potential to move material through a defined matrix in order to separate it by its resistance to movement and its charge
crystallization
process by which a solid with a highly organised atomic or molecular structure forms
supercritical drying
scientific process