grammeme
value of a grammatical category
clitic
morpheme with syntactic characteristics of a word but with phonological dependence on another word; e.g. ⟨-’m⟩ in ⟨I’m⟩ or ⟨-’ve⟩ in ⟨I’ve⟩; the possessive ⟨-’s⟩, the article ⟨a(n)⟩, and the infinitive marker ⟨to⟩ are sometimes considered clitics
delimitative
grammatical aspect that indicates that a situation lasts only a certain amount of time
present perfect
grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect aspect
first person
grammatical person
passive
grammatical voice common in many languages
habitual
grammatical aspect that specifies an action as occurring habitually, performed by the subject usually, ordinarily, or customarily: e.g. “John smokes”; “Mary is an early bird”
instrumental case
grammatical case
volitive
linguistic modality which indicates the desires, wishes or fears of the speaker
cessative
grammatical aspect conveying “to stop doing X” or “to finish doing X”; e.g. in Yaqui, the suffix -yaáte: ču'ú 'íntok čái-yaáte-k “the dog stopped barking”; in Timbisha, the suffix -mmahwan: satü püe nangkawimmahwa “he just finished talking”
discontinuous past tense
category of past grammatical tense
second person
grammatical person
causative form
In Japanese verb conjugation, the causative form is used for making or allowing for something to happen.
distributive
grammatical aspect
non-remote past tense
grammatical tense indicating both past and non-remote/near situation
third person
grammatical person
part of speech
category of words based on shared grammatical properties in a clause
nominative absolute
free-standing part of a sentence that describes the main subject and verb
remote past in Italian
one of the four past tenses in Italian
active
grammatical voice
past tense
grammatical tense
iterative
grammatical aspect that expresses the repetition of an event observable on one single occasion: “he knocked on the door”, “he coughed”, “she is drumming”
present tense
grammatical tense; pertaining to current time relative to speaker/writer/reader
voice
grammatical category for verbs
present active participle
verb form
frequentative
aspect that indicates repeated action over multiple occasions or places; e.g. Finnish: ⟨sadella⟩ “to rain occasionally” (vs. ⟨sataa⟩ “to rain”); Hungarian: ⟨fizetget⟩ “to pay for a longer period with probably less intensity” (vs ⟨fizet⟩ “to pay”)
perfect tense
grammatical tense
inchoative
grammatical aspect, referring to the beginning of a state
impersonal passive voice
verb voice that decreases the valency of an intransitive verb (which has valency one) to zero
past passive participle
verb form
partitive
word, phrase, or case that indicates partialness
remote past tense
grammatical tense indicating both past and remote situation