Cross-entropy benchmarking

benchmarking protocol to show quantum supremacy, which runs a random 𝑛‐qubit quantum circuit many times with samples 𝑥ᵢ; then 2ⁿ⟨𝑃(𝑥)⟩−1, where 𝑃(𝑥ᵢ) is the probability of the bitstring 𝑥ᵢ, is 1 for a quantum computer and 0 for a classical one

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