biological process
process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units
metabolism
set of chemical reactions and pathways by which living organisms transform chemical substances
metabolism
set of chemical reactions and pathways by which living organisms transform chemical substances
sneeze
semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the lungs through the nose and mouth
horizontal gene transfer
movement of genetic material between organisms other than by transmission from parent to offspring
mycorrhiza
symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant
vomiting
forcible expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth
pollination
biological pollination process occurring in plants
asexual reproduction
biological process in which new individuals are produced by either a single cell or a group of cells, in the absence of any sexual process
blood coagulation
process in which the coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting a clot
amoeboid movement
Most common mode of locomotion in eukaryotic cells
sexual reproduction
reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms
defecation
expulsion of feces from the rectum
circadian rhythm
natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle
DNA repair
process of restoring DNA after damage
electron transport chain
process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient
protein biosynthesis
cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
nitrogen fixation
process which converts nitrogen from the air into compounds such as ammonia
estrous cycle
type of ovulation cycle
insanity
abnormal mental or behavioral patterns
nucleotide salvage
Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
chemotaxis
movement or growth of a cell or organism guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient
lipid peroxidation
reaction(s) leading to production of (phospho)lipid peroxides
xanthophyll cycle
cyclic series of interconversions involving three xanthophylls
nuclear transport
directed movement of substances into, out of, or within the nucleus.
vasoconstriction
narrowing of blood vessels by the constriction of smooth muscle cells
cell cycle checkpoint signaling
process that controls cell cycle progression by monitoring the integrity of specific events
niche construction
process by which an organism shapes its environment
observational learning
learning that occurs through observing the behaviour of others
Muller's ratchet
irreversible accumulation of deleterious mutations in the absence of genetic recombination
perfusion
process of a body delivering blood to a capillary bed in its biological tissue
wound healing
series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury
PEP group translocation
method used by bacteria for sugar uptake
carcinogenesis
process of formation of cancer
synapse assembly
formation of synapses between neurons in the nervous system
clitoral erection
physiological phenomenon where the clitoris becomes enlarged and firm, as result of a complex interaction of psychological, neural, vascular and endocrine factors, usually (though not exclusively) associated with sexual arousal
carbohydrate metabolic process
chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates
genetic hitchhiking
incidental selection of non-harmful genes which are close to a beneficial gene on the same DNA chain
genetic erosion
process where the limited gene pool of an endangered species diminishes even more when reproductive individuals die off before reproducing with others in their endangered low population
chronic inflammatory response
inflammation of prolonged duration
Hok/sok system
host-killing gene of the R1 E. coli plasmid
acquired characteristic
non-heritable change in a function or structure of a living organism caused after birth
asymmetric cell division
The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity.
Bone hemostasis
process of controlling bleeding from bone
bone resorption
process in which osteoclasts degrade bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products
sperm storage
The retention of sperm by a female following mating.
hypersensitivity
inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system
ingestive behaviours
eating and drinking behaviours generally
cellular transport
collection of mechanisms that regulate the passage of solutes through biological membranes