macro risk
risk that is associated with macroeconomic, political or environmental factors
technology shock
sudden changes in technology that significantly affect economic, social, political or other outcomes
political risk
complications businesses and governments may face as a result of political decisions
economic shock
unexpected and disruptive event that affects an economy, either positively or negatively
market failure
situation in which the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not efficient and can be improved upon from the societal point of view, often leading to a net loss of economic value