configuration
characteristic mutual position of the Sun and other celestial bodies on the celestial sphere
quadrature
aspect of a heavenly body in which it makes a right angle with the direction of the Sun
conjunction
phenomenon when two astronomical objects or spacecraft have the same right ascension or ecliptic longitude as observed from Earth
Appulse
Least apparent distance between one astronomical object and another as viewed from a third body
elongation
in astronomy, angular separation between the Sun and a planet, with the Earth as a reference point
opposition
two celestial bodies are said to be in opposition when they are on opposite sides of the sky, viewed from a given place (usually Earth)