disinformation
false or misleading information that is spread deliberately to deceive and manipulate
conspiracy theory
explanation that invokes a conspiracy
Oregon Petition
American petition against Kyoto Protocol and similar climate change action
Easter massacre
Alleged pro-Soviet coup attempt in Portugal
Doppelganger
pro-Kremlin disinformation campaign
manufactured controversy
contrived disagreement
fabrication of data
intentional misrepresentation of research results by making up data, such as that reported in a journal article
tobacco industry playbook
tobacco industry marketing and political strategy to protect revenues in the face of evidence linking smoking and serious diseases
disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
disinformation concerning the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Russian disinformation
Russian state-sponsored disinformation campaigns
misinformation in the Gaza war
false information spread during the ongoing war between Israel and Hamas
fear, uncertainty and doubt
tactic used to influence opinion by disseminating negative, dubious, or false information