toric variety
algebraic variety containing an algebraic torus as an open dense subset, such that the action of the torus on itself extends to the whole variety, which can be combinatorially encoded via systems of cones (“fans”) or polytopes
projective space
space of 1-dimensional linear subspaces (lines passing through the origin) in a vector space
weighted projective space
Proj construction applied to a polynomial ring where the generators have been assigned arbitrary positive-integer degrees